Efficient, deep-blue organic electrophosphorescence by guest charge trapping. A high efficiency phosphorescent white OLED for LCD backlight and display applications. High-efficiency white phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with greenish-blue and red-emitting layers. Efficient organic electrophosphorescent white-light-emitting device with a triple doped emissive layer. Effects of exciton and charge confinement on the performance of white organic p-i-n electrophosphorescent emissive excimer devices. High efficiency single dopant white electrophosphorescent light emitting diodes. Highly efficient phosphorescent emission from organic electroluminescent devices. White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting. 1, xii (US Govt Printing Office, Washington DC, 2001)ĭ'Andrade, B. US Department of Energy National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate Vol. Our device challenges incandescent sources by exhibiting total external quantum and power efficiencies that peak at 18.7 ± 0.5 per cent and 37.6 ± 0.6 lm W -1, respectively, decreasing to 18.4 ± 0.5 per cent and 23.8 ± 0.5 lm W -1 at a high luminance of 500 cd m -2. Additionally, eliminating the exchange energy loss to the blue fluorophore allows for roughly 20 per cent increased power efficiency compared to a fully phosphorescent device. Two distinct modes of energy transfer within this device serve to channel nearly all of the triplet energy to the phosphorescent dopants, retaining the singlet energy exclusively on the blue fluorescent dopant. Here we introduce a different device concept that exploits a blue fluorescent molecule in exchange for a phosphorescent dopant, in combination with green and red phosphor dopants, to yield high power efficiency and stable colour balance, while maintaining the potential for unity internal quantum efficiency. The most impressive characteristics of such devices reported to date have been achieved in all-phosphor-doped devices, which have the potential for 100 per cent internal quantum efficiency 2: the phosphorescent molecules harness the triplet excitons that constitute three-quarters of the bound electron–hole pairs that form during charge injection, and which (unlike the remaining singlet excitons) would otherwise recombine non-radiatively. This has generated increased interest in the use of white electroluminescent organic light-emitting devices, owing to their potential for significantly improved efficiency over incandescent sources combined with low-cost, high-throughput manufacturability. Lighting accounts for approximately 22 per cent of the electricity consumed in buildings in the United States, with 40 per cent of that amount consumed by inefficient ( ∼15 lm W -1) incandescent lamps 1, 2.
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